Zambia Police Service, is charged with the responsibility of maintaining peace, law and order in all our communities country-wide. In order to effectively and efficiently execute its mandate ....Read More
The Intellectual Property Unit was formed in 2006 as the Anti - Piracy Crack Squad with the aim of addressing the increasing levels of music piracy. In the first three years after its formation, the crack squad carried out several raids on individuals and organizations involved in music piracy. In 2009, The Anti – Piracy Crack Squad was renamed Intellectual Property Unit. This was to broaden its mandate and enable it to deal effectively with all other forms of Intellectual Property infringement such as trademark infringement, and the increasing occurrences of counterfeit products in the country.
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I
A PROACTIVE APPROACH TO CRIME PREVENTION TO ENHANCE SECURITY IN ZAMBIA
ntroduction:
The report is produced by the
Criminal Investigation Department (C.I.D) of the Zambia Police Service with the aim of giving an outlook of the crime situation in Zambia for the period 2008 to 2013. We have also made comments on aspects influencing the crime situation on the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces and we have made recommendations on proactive measures which need to be put in place to reach the crime reduction target of 50% as aspirations projected in the Zambia Police Strategic Plan 2013 - 2016.
Crime trends from 2008 to 2013
National Crime trends for the past five years was such that, in 2008 to 2009 reduced by (1.4%) i.e. from 91,492 to 90,214 reported cases. It then increased by (3.7%) to 93,581 in 2010. From 2010 to 2011 there was a sharp reduction (13.8%) in crimes reported, i.e. to 80,613. In 2012 there was a sharp increase (9.9%) to 88,655. However, minor reduction (0.31%) in 2013 was observed from 88,655 to 88,384.
The table and a graph below summarizes the crime trends for the period 2008 to 2013.
Year |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
Crime reported |
91,492 |
90,214 |
93,581 |
80,613 |
88,655 |
88,384 |
Source: Police Data Collection Tools.
Distribution of reported cases in Zambia by province for the period 2008 to 2013
During the period under review, Copperbelt province recorded the highest number of criminal cases. This province comprises of mining towns and has the second largest population density and it is also the hub of social - political economy just like Lusaka. Meanwhile, Lusaka was second in terms of crime levels recorded. This is the capital city and has the highest population density and is also the hub of social – political economy. Thus frequency of crime was relatively higher in the two provinces due high activity in business transactions. The rest of the provinces recorded relatively low crime levels as can be seen on the table below.
Province |
Year |
|||||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
|
Lusaka |
20,547 |
19,407 |
19,005 |
17,568 |
22,923 |
24,056 |
Copperbelt |
32,469 |
31,197 |
34,938 |
21,919 |
25,161 |
30,600 |
Central |
6,168 |
5,871 |
9,477 |
4,428 |
6,017 |
5,377 |
Northern |
5,189 |
5,502 |
6,639 |
6,101 |
3,964 |
2,137 |
Eastern |
4,228 |
3,994 |
4,399 |
5,292 |
3,798 |
5,008 |
N/western |
3,679 |
3,595 |
3,980 |
5,252 |
4,222 |
3,580 |
Western |
3,769 |
5,656 |
2,412 |
5,654 |
6,569 |
2,449 |
Southern |
11,254 |
10,165 |
9,215 |
9,580 |
10,099 |
9,781 |
Luapula |
4,189 |
4,827 |
3,516 |
4,819 |
4,257 |
3,994 |
Muchinga |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1,645 |
1,397 |
Crime statistics on selected offences reported to and dealt with by the Police for the period 2008 to 2013
|
Year |
|||||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||||
Offence |
Reported |
Arrests |
Reported |
Arrests |
Reported |
Arrests |
Murder |
694 |
379 |
812 |
461 |
812 |
423 |
Agg/robbery |
1,838 |
495 |
1,656 |
564 |
1,448 |
548 |
Rape |
296 |
129 |
238 |
115 |
297 |
125 |
Defilement |
2,208 |
1,877 |
1,691 |
640 |
2,430 |
1,071 |
Stock theft |
2,855 |
1,200 |
2,137 |
784 |
1,670 |
591 |
Theft of M/v |
325 |
51 |
294 |
110 |
235 |
134 |
Arson |
921 |
210 |
790 |
200 |
764 |
215 |
Assault O.A.B.H |
18,199 |
7,086 |
18,333 |
5,826 |
20,290 |
6,493 |
Theft |
10,870 |
6,033 |
21,312 |
6,465 |
15,545 |
6,181 |
Year |
||||||
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
||||
Offence |
Reported |
Arrests |
Reported |
Arrests |
Reported |
Arrests |
Murder |
863 |
537 |
885 |
475 |
867 |
613 |
Agg/robbery |
2,114 |
334 |
1,415 |
552 |
1,168 |
362 |
Rape |
250 |
111 |
323 |
138 |
294 |
115 |
Defilement |
1,354 |
838 |
2,392 |
943 |
1,159 |
709 |
Stock theft |
1,829 |
712 |
2,042 |
1,076 |
1,650 |
939 |
Theft of M/v |
288 |
88 |
407 |
108 |
420 |
161 |
Arson |
795 |
283 |
812 |
219 |
696 |
251 |
Assault O.A.B.H |
18,835 |
4,958 |
23,647 |
7,242 |
21,201 |
7,841 |
Theft |
15,750 |
4,522 |
16,682 |
4,789 |
15,786 |
5,546 |
Conclusion
Introduction – (Anti – fraud Section)
The Anti-fraud section under Crime two has been in existence since Zambia’s Independence. The Assistant Director - Crime two is responsible for all matters relating to frauds, Interpol, financial and cybercrimes and supervises all anti-fraud units in the Zambia Police. The offices for Anti-frauds can be found at national, divisional and district levels.
Fraud
Such crimes are mostly committed by well educated people working as a syndicate and are usually referred to as ‘white collar crimes’. In most instances, rewards from fraud are much greater.
The main functions of the Anti-fraud unit are as follows-:
The section has officers who are trained and specialized in investigating: -
Elements of fraud
Financial fraud-these are monetary crimes were perpetrators either falsify or forge documents such as vouchers, cheaque or any other accounting documents in order to obtain money fraudulently.
Forgery-this type of fraud is related to falsifying and forgery of official documents such as title deeds, passports, academic certificates, driving licenses and National Registration Cards among other documents.
Insurance fraud- insurance fraud is any act committed with intent to fraudulently obtain payment from an insurer.
Credit card fraud-the fastest growing type of credit card fraud is counterfeiting. Recently, most counterfeits were manufactured using card readers to steal information from genuine cards to plastic card ones.
CREDIT CARD FRAUD (SKIMMIMG)
A criminal may use different ways when obtaining or collecting someone’s data among them:-
Once the criminals steal this data, they then use it for Hotel booking, Airline booking, buying of goods through internet or a shop or even paying off bills etc.
ON LINE BANKING (PHISHING)
This type of crime is committed when an unknown person requests for your bank details through website providers or the hacker. Once these details are given out, the hacker uses the same information to steal money from the unsuspecting customer.
DETECTION OF FRAUD
Fraud can be detected through –
You may also wish to know that all offences committed under frauds are punishable by law and below are some of the cases and sections in the penal code of the laws of Zambia.
Unauthorized access to data C/Sec 99 of EFT Act of 2009.
By Mwaba Makasa
Introduction
The story of the Southern African Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (SARPCCO) was told slowly and softly yet with undiluted vigour to over 500 delegates drawn from twelve SARPCCO Member States. The auspicious occasion was none other than the 20th SARPCCO Annual General Meeting (AGM) held from 25th to 28th May, 2015 at Birchwood OR Tambo Centre, Kempton Park, Johannesburg in the Republic of South Africa.
The slow and soft spoken Dean of SARPCCO, Commissioner General of the Zimbabwe Republican Police (ZRP) Mr. Augustine Chihuri, one of the two surviving and serving Chiefs of Police founder members of the regional organisation, was given the honour to tell the tale. A sharp glimmer blended with a nostalgic faraway look in his eyes suggestive of child-like excitement evidently betrayed his seemingly calm and serious demenour.
Formative Years (Historical Background)
In 1994, an inaugural meeting of Police Chiefs from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region took place at Mananga Training Centre in the Kingdom of Swaziland. Ten (10) founding Member States were present. These are; Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The then Inspector General of Police for Zambia Police Service, Mr. Francis Ndhlovu along with Commissioner General for Zimbabwe Republic Police, Mr. Augustin Chihuri and the National Commissioner for the Royal Swaziland Police Service Mr. Isaac Magagula, who are both still serving in the same capacity, were part of the pioneer police chiefs who met in Swaziland and conceptualised the idea of establishing SARPCCO. Interestingly, former National Commissioner of South African Police, Mr George Faivas was also present at this historical meeting.
In 1995, at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe the same police chiefs met again and crystallised the ideas concerning the establishment of the police organization. At this meeting they named the organization SARPCCO. Heads of Frontline States in the Southern African region also present at this meeting confirmed the name of SARPCCO and adopted it as a Regional Policing body.
SARPCCO crafted seven objectives which are subject to domestic legislation and international obligations of Member States:
Membership
Later, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius and Seychelles joined the organization as membership grew from the inaugural ten (10) to the current fifteen (15). Thus, the full list of Member States is as follows; Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
SARPCCO Secretariat
The SARPCCO Secretariat was established at the Interpol Sub-Regional Bureau in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1997. The Head of Interpol Regional Bureau also doubles as the SARPCCO Coordinator. A rotational system of leadership at the Regional Bureau has been employed. So far, four (4) countries have provided leadership. These are; Zimbabwe (1997-2001), Botswana (2001-2015), Namibia (2005-2015) and Malawi (2009-2015). The term of the incumbent Head from Malawi, Commissioner of Malawi Police Service, Dr. Chilika Simfukwe is soon ending. Another country will soon take up the position.
SARPCCO Technical Organs
Four SARPCCO Technical Organs were constituted. These are: Permanent Security Sub Committee, Training Sub Committee, Legal Sub Committee and the Women’s Network Sub Committee. A consolidated report generated from the meetings of the Technical Organs constituting the afore-mentioned sub committees form the basis of deliberations at the AGM.
SARPCCO AGM
SARPCCO AGM’s are held in the spirit of cooperation. The AGM’s have been consistently held every year since SARPCCO’s establishment in 1995.Twelve Member States, Zambia inclusive, have hosted this activity save for Madagascar, Seychelles and DRC.
SARPCCO Games
In 1996, the first AGM was held in Swapokmund, Namibia. It was at this meeting that the police Chiefs recognized the importance of sport as a unifying factor in the region. In 1999 the inaugural SARPCCO games were held in South Africa. Since then, the games have now become a permanent feature of SARPCCO activities. The games are also held on a rotational basis. So far, six Member States have hosted the games as follows; South Africa (1999, 2001 and 2003) Botswana (2004) Zimbabwe (2007), Malawi (2009), DRC (2011) and Namibia (2013). Swaziland is scheduled to host the 9th edition of the SARPCCO games in Mbabane from July to August, 2015.
Milestones achieved by SARPCCO
In its 20 years of existence, the following successes have been scored:
Major challenges faced
Future of SARPCCO
The future appears to be promising. With the establishment of the SARPCCO Centre of Excellence based at the Interpol/SARPCCO Regional Bureau, Harare, Zimbabwe which was officially opened on 22nd May, 2015, more officers will be exposed to more training and capacity building programmes. Joint operations on bi-lateral and multi-lateral levels are expected to increase. The Intelligence sharing arena will be widened. In effect, regional cooperation as regards crime with regional implications will be significantly strengthened.
The Author is Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police and Deputy Director-Training, Research & Development.
www.lf.zambiapolice.org.zm